NATHAN BEN JEHIEL OF ROME — (1035–c. 1110), Italian lexicographer, also called Ba al he Arukh ( the author of the Arukh ) after the title of his lexicon. Few biographical details are known of him. Some state that he belonged to the de pomis or Delli Mansi family, but the… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
BARUCH BEN SAMUEL OF MAINZ — (c. 1150–1221), scholar and paytan. Baruch was a pupil of Moses b. Solomon ha Kohen, whom he succeeded as a member of the bet din of Mainz. There is no basis for Aptowitzer s statement that a dispute for the position between him and his kinsman,… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
PIYYUT — (Heb. פִּיּוּט; plural: piyyutim; from the Greek ποιητής), a lyrical composition intended to embellish an obligatory prayer or any other religious ceremony, communal or private. In a wider sense, piyyut is the totality of compositions composed in … Encyclopedia of Judaism
MUSIC — This article is arranged according to the following outline: introduction written sources of direct and circumstantial evidence the material relics and iconography notated sources oral tradition archives and important collections of jewish music… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
LINGUISTIC LITERATURE, HEBREW — This article is arranged according to the following outline: introduction foreword the beginning of linguistic literature linguistic literature and its background the development of linguistic literature Foreword: A Well Defined Unit the four… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
WOMAN — This article is arranged according to the following outline: the historical perspective biblical period marriage and children women in household life economic roles educational and managerial roles religious roles women outside the household… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
GAON — (pl. Geonim), formal title of the heads of the academies of Sura and Pumbedita in Babylonia. The geonim were recognized by the Jews as the highest authority of instruction from the end of the sixth century or somewhat later to the middle of the… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
NAGID — (Heb. נָגִיד, pl. נְגִידִים; Ar. raʾīs al yahūd), the head of the Jewish community in Islamic countries (except under abbasid rule where Jewry was led by the exilarchs ). In the Middle Ages, beginning with the tenth century, there were negidim… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
EGYPT — EGYPT, country in N.E. Africa, centering along the banks of the River Nile from the Mediterranean coast southward beyond the first cataract at Aswan. The ancient Egyptians named their land Kemi, the Black Land, while the neighboring Asiatic… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
JUDEO-ARABIC LITERATURE — JUDEO ARABIC LITERATURE, written in Arabic by Jews for Jews. It is written in an idiom which is linguistically closer to the spoken form of Arabic than is the idiom used in Muslim literature. It may plausibly be assumed that, prior to the rise of … Encyclopedia of Judaism
